| Table of Contents- September/October 2001 |
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| Dentistry & Humane Genome |
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| Doc Holliday, 150 Years Old | ||||
| Meeting Schedule | ||||
| Tour- France continued | Foundation News | |||
| Tour- Belgium/Luxembourg | FDI Congress | |||
| European Union | Section News | |||
| CALENDAR |
Section News Continued | |||
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From Paris we traveled to Brussels to attend the Belgium and Luxembourg Section Meetings. That evening we met with Section Chair Professor Jose Dahan and his officers to coordinate the busy next two days.
European Parliament  PFA entourage at European Parliament Early the next morning, we were off for an audience with representatives of the European Union at the European Commission and Parliament. We all were amazed at the progress already achieved in uniting the member nations of Europe. The dental aspect of their unification was that any dentist licensed in one of the 14 member countries could practice dentistry in any of the other countries merely through a credentialing process. The European Parliament was also certifying specialties, which is not uniform from country to country. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is the only specialty certified at this time. In the afternoon, Dr. Rawson gave a two-hour presentation on Forensic Pathology at the prestigious Maison de Cygne located on Brussels’ Grand Plaza.  Forensic Pathologist Ray Rawson giving lecture Later that evening, we returned to Maison de Cygne to attend the Belgium Section meeting and induct two new Fellows into our Academy—Drs. Myriam Lambert and Andre Guevorkian. Dr. Raymonde Dubuque, our Fall 2000 Honorary Fellow, was in attendance to greet us as old friends this time.  L-R, Bulgarian Chair Moutaftchiev, Belgium Chair Jose Dahan, new Fellow Myriam Lambert, Trustee Marois, President Campbell, and new Fellow Andre Guevorkian  L-R, Trustee Pierre Marois, Bulgarian Chair Valentin Moutaftchiev, and President Campbell |
The evening assemblage also welcomed Dr. Valentin Moutaftchiev, President of the Bulgarian Orthodontic Society, from Sofia who was in Brussels for an Orthodontic Seminar and attended our function. Professor Moutaftchiev had volunteered to serve as Bulgarian Section Chairman for the Academy and was so certified by President Campbell and formally installed that evening.
The following evening, we met at the Conrad Brussels Hotel for a lecture by Dr. Germain Becker of Dudelange, Luxembourg, on European Qualification of the Dental Practitioner. Dr. Becker was honored by the Belgium Section with their recommendation for Honorary Fellowship into the Academy for his professional excellence in dentistry as certified by an outside agency ranking European dental practices.  Drs. Germain Becker and Jose Dahan (center) sing new Fellows induction song The next day our troupe separated with President Campbell and his wife Janet. Our President was going to the University of Leuven to make the Foundation Scholarship presentation to graduating student Els De Smet before the graduating class at the Leuven University School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology, and Maxillofacial Surgery graduation services. With speech in hand, Dr. Campbell stayed behind as the rest of the group departed for England to meet with our PFA leaders there.  Foundation scholarship recipient Els de Smet and President Campbell Friday morning, President Campbell gave his presentation and inducted the Dean of the Leuven University School of Dentistry, Dr. Daniel Van Steenberghe, into our Academy as an Honorary Fellow. Dean Steenberghe was presented his ribboned medal and certificate among the 2001 graduating class of new dentists from his school.  L-R, Belgium Chair Jose Dahan, President Campbell, and Dean Daniel van Steenberghe being presented PFA Honor Fellowship |
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SIn London, Friday was our busy day as well. UK Chair Rash Patel and past Chair Raj Raja Rayan, OBE, greeted us at the Institute of Physics Headquarters to commence a joint PFA and Faculty of General Dental Practitioners (FGDP) of the Royal College of Dental Surgeons meeting and CE seminars generally entitled Dental Controversies Across the Pond—the Intellectual Debate.  L-R, Drs. Ray Klein, Ray Rawson, Richard Kozal, Jim Brophy, and Pierre Marois  Dr. Raj Raja Rayan, OBE Dr. Rayan opened the seminars with a spirited introduction entitled Science vs. Reality, which was outstanding in getting the large audience stirred up.  Dr. Ray Rawson Our own Senator Ray Rawson followed with his presentation Forensic Pathology. Dr. Larry Holt of Georgia then discussed the controversy Insurance vs. Private Practice. Drs. Randy Mueke, David Leever, and Manny Vasant presented Cosmetics vs. Function. This was followed by a panel question-and-answer session until 6 pm. British Dental Museum During the tea break, one of the new Fellows, Dr. Armajit Gill, who serves as Director of the British Dental Museum, was discussing the museum with our PFA museum curator Richard Kozal. He then led Drs. Kozal, Klein, and Brophy over to the British Dental Museum (about six blocks away) to view it. The Museum was closed on Fridays, but Dr. Gill opened it for us. After touring their excellent displays, Dr. Kozal had made arrangements to have their duplicate exhibits shipped to Las Vegas for our museum.  Ancient dental chair |
 L-R, Drs. Ray Klein, Amarjit Gill, and Richard Kozal touring the British Dental Museum
Condolences to Kozals During the PFA trip in Europe, Judy Kozal’s mother died back in Las Vegas. Our deepest condolences to Richard and Judy on their loss and the frustration they experienced making funeral arrangements from Paris. |
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European Union
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The European Union, or EU as it is called, is the result of a process of cooperation and integration begun in 1951 by six European countries—Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The basic premise began that there were common-ground concepts that these countries shared. If they pooled their sovereignty, they might eliminate intercountry differences, promote fair trade, and share resources. But the idea has grown considerably since then.  European Parliament Winston Churchill is credited with initiating the concept when he called for a “kind of United States of Europe” in a speech to the University of Zurich in 1946. Sir Winston fostered this idea by helping in the formation of the United Europe Movement the following year. Then in 1948, Churchill presided over coordinating the Movements for the Unification of Europe Committee, which met May 7-11 in the Hague and was attended by 800 delegates. Churchill was vocalizing an idea whose time had come. Various other unification groups, both left and right wing, were organized in the postwar years, but it was not until 1950 when the French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman arranged to have Germany (West) and France pool their coal and steel resources for the mutual benefit of the two countries. Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands joined the “Schuman Declaration” to form the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty of Paris on 18 April 1951. Thus, the practicality of unification could be demonstrated. The next year, the same six countries signed a European Defence Community (EDC) Treaty and establish Luxembourg as their headquarters. In 1953, they institute their first tax levy, formed a single market with their Member States, and established the European Court of Justice. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome established the EEC (European Economic Community). In 1959, they formed the European Investment Bank (EIB). Greece applied for membership to the EEC, and Turkey soon followed. Great Britain formed the European Free Trade Association with Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland in 1959. But in 1961, Ireland applied to join the EEC, followed by the United Kingdom, Denmark, and Norway. Seventeen African nations applied for trade considerations to the EEC and the united Europe concept was firmly established. In the subsequent years, economic considerations, rather than military ones, drove the building of the EU foundation. An applying country must be (1) democratic in political structure, (2) have a compatible economic structure, and (3) accept the laws of the European Union. Several applying countries have spent years working with the EU to bring their governments and economic structures into compliance with the established EU policies. Ceding such sovereignty did not always go well in those countries. Today there are 15 Member States: Austria, Belgium, Denmark (without Greenland), Finland, France, Germany (united), Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Thirteen countries are in application status: Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Turkey. There are more than 62 African, Caribbean, and Pacific countries that have trade treaties with the EU. The EU goals are to (1) promote economic growth and social progress, (2) assert the identity of the EU internationally, (3) introduce European citizenship, (4) develop an area of freedom, security, and justice, and (5) maintain and build an established EU law. Any one of these goals is a mammoth task. But over the last 50 years, this Union has inched its way toward achieving those goals, and in some areas, even surpassing those of the United States. |
The European Union is arranged into five institutions: 1. European Parliament directly elected by the people of the Member States (like the U.S. House of Representatives). 2. Council representing the governments of the Member States (similar to the original formation of the U.S. Senate). 3. Commission, which contains the Executive Officers and initiates legislation (like the U.S. President and his cabinet). 4. Court of Justice, which handles complaints of EU law violations (like the U.S. court system). 5. Court of Auditors, which handles the taxes and accounting for the Member States.  Parliament Assembly room How Does This Relate to PFA? A Europe without borders is being achieved right now. Citizens in the Member States do not have border checks or stand in lines to show their passports. They have a driver’s license-type card that can be processed through a computer terminal when it needs to be shown at all. Travel between such cities as Paris and Brussels is no more different than between New York and Boston, except the European trains are faster and run on time. Dentists and other professionals that are licensed in one Member State can practice their profession in any of the other Member State countries. This is an outgrowth of the 1960 EU policy to promote employment by granting mobility of workers from country to country, set EU labor laws that these workers cannot be discriminated against because they are not nationals of that Member State, and let the marketplace dictate their success. A dentist in the United States cannot go from one State to another and practice his profession due to the politics that EU is trying to remove when it comes to serving its people. One case had a French student enrolling in a Belgium University that was being charged “out of State tuition” fees. The EU Court ruled that this was discriminatory and was against the law. Tuition for one student must be the same for all in the EU. Their labor laws are applied in the same way. In the United States, I traveled 40 miles from Illinois to a Wisconsin University to work on my masters degree and was charged three times the fee that an in-state resident pays. My daughter at the University of Michigan pays four times the fees. The Euro For you European tourists and our PFA travelers, be aware that Europe currently is in a dual monetary circulation period. Both the national currency and the Euro are available and accepted in trade. But on 1 January 2002, only the Euro will be accepted in 12 of the Member States (Austria, Belgium, France, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal, Spain). And their national currency will be withdrawn by 28 February 2002. The Euro is roughly equivalent to the U.S. dollar (about $.88 at this writing). Its set rate of exchange was established on 1 January 99. It is divided into 100 parts like the dollar, and comes in eight coins (2 ,1 , .50, .20, .10, .05, and .01—no quarter) and seven bills (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500—no singles). The symbol for the Euro, like the U.S. $ and the British £, is a rounded “E” sometimes with a vertical line through it. If you are traveling to Europe next year, you should be aware of this. The European Union is expanding its world influence and solidifying its internal base at the same time. In many ways, it was easier to write on a blank slate, but it took 50 years to get the book written. But it appears to be well authored. |
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Calendar |
2001 |
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26 September 27 September-1 October 11 October 11-14 October 12-14 October 31 October-2 November |
PFA Section Chairs Meeting, 3 pm, Ballroom, Legend Hotel, Kuala Lumpur 89th FDI World Congress, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia PFA Continuing Education Program, (7CE Units) , Kansas City, Missouri ADA Meeting, Kansas City, Missouri PFA Academy/Foundation Annual Meetings, Kansas City, Missouri 15th Congress of the IADR, Blantyre, Malawi |
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Calendar
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2002 | |||
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3-7 April 19 – 23 October Fall |
24th Asian Pacific Dental Congress/44th Korean Dental Association Scientific Congress ADA 143rd Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana FDI 90th Annual World Congress, Vienna, Austria |
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Calendar
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2003 | |||
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25 – 29 October Fall |
ADA 144rd Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA FDI 91st Annual Meeting, Sydney, Australia |
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Gerald H. Leatherman, DMD, LDS, DSc, FDS
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Gerald Leatherman was born in London, England, on 18 February 1903. His family moved to South Africa when he was nine years old. His early education was at King Edward VII School in Johannesburg, and then at Witwatersrand University, where he studied chemistry and physics.
In 1918, he visited the dental office of his father’s close friend Lemuel Morgan-Davis who had graduated from Harvard Dental School in Boston in 1912. Gerald was fascinated by what he observed in Morgan-Davis’ dental office—crowns, dentures, and plaster of Paris impressions. This was the first example he had seen of an American-trained dentist in practice. With this enthusiasm impressing Dr. Morgan-Davis, he arranged to send Gerald Leatherman to Boston to attend Harvard for dentistry. The young lad worked for a month on a small freighter out of Durban to New York City to pay his way to America. At the age of 17, he enrolled in Harvard Dental School in September 1920. Dr. Leatherman later commented on his studies as “an attempt to make us biologically conscious, as well as technically efficient. However, it was good basic scientific training and education.” During his four years at Harvard, Gerry worked the four-month summers at a hotel and at a steel furniture factory squeezing in as much travel in America as he could. “I learned that dentists, addressed as doctors, were respected, and even dental students could be proud of their education, training and future profession.” Dr. Leatherman graduated cum laude in 1924. He left Boston for England where he enrolled in Guy’s Hospital Dental School. He passed all the requirements and qualified to sit for examination in December of 1924. He successfully passed and was awarded a Licentiate in Dental Surgery of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Dr. Leatherman returned to South Africa to join his mentor Dr. Morgan-Davis. However, he learned that Dr. Morgan-Davis had taken ill and left for the United States. After only six weeks in South Africa, Dr. Leatherman returned to London and entered private dental practice on Harley Street in 1926. His Harvard training and his philosophy of dentistry helped him to develop a thriving practice based on oral hygiene and prevention, combined with high quality restorative dentistry. His insistence on providing optimal care for his patients was well received. He soon joined another American-trained dentist who shared his philosophy and over the next 20 years built a very successful practice. Dr. Leatherman was always in the forefront of new dental techniques. He once traveled to Stockholm just to observe the use of xylocaine anesthetic. Upon his return, he began using this for his patients. In 1931, he attended his first FDI Meeting—the 8th International Congress in Paris. This experience set the tone for his future interest and involvement in the dental profession. |
By 1939, his successful practice was interrupted by World War II. He served in the RAF as a flight lieutenant for five years. He realized the problem of acute shortage of dental manpower and helped to establish the first dental hygiene training school in England to alleviate this crisis. He pioneered the use of auxiliary personnel in relating, “The development of dental practice over the past 100 years has made it obvious that the dentist of today, if he wishes to make full use of his skills and knowledge, without loss of time, lowering standards, and uneconomic practice, must employ auxiliary personnel.”
After WWII, he returned to London to reestablish his Harley Street practice. In 1947, he attended the FDI Meeting in Boston. At that time, FDI represented 31 national dental associations and had less than 1000 individual members. He was elected FDI Assistant Secretary General and given the task to organize the 1952 FDI Meeting in London. That Meeting was such a success, Dr. Leatherman was elected FDI Secretary General. During his tenure, Dr. Leatherman worked with the ADA’s Executive Director Harold Hillenbrand (also a Hall of Fame honoree). Together they developed the FDI philosophy, wrote the FDI Constitution, and expanded the membership beyond the prewar boundaries of Europe and North America. Dr. Leatherman continued to serve FDI in that capacity even through the 1970 name change to Executive Director. By the time of his retirement in 1975, FDI had grown to 73 member associations and 10,000 individual members. He was elected to Executive Director emeritus in 1975. Dr. Gerald Leatherman enjoyed all aspects of life. He had a successful dental practice for 50 years. He was extensively involved in world dental politics. And he was recognized by his peers for his outstanding service to the profession. He had two daughters by his first wife Constance. His second marriage to Margaret, “Peggy”, brought him much joy and satisfaction until she died tragically in 1979. Dr. Gerald Leatherman died on 11 December 1991 of cancer two months shy of his 88th birthday. Dr. Leatherman received many honors during his long life of service. He held honorary doctorate degrees from Temple University School of Dentistry and University of Turku. He was elected to over 37 honorary memberships including the ADA, the Canadian Dental Association, the Australian Dental Association, and the American Dental Society of Europe. He was elected to Fellowship in the Royal College of Surgeons of England, of Ireland, of Edinburgh, of Australia, of Canada, and to Fellowships in ICD and ACD, as well as membership in the Harriet Newell research Society of Harvard, the Royal Society of Medicine, and the Royal Society of Health. |
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Dentistry and Humane Genome
From the Academy of General Dentistry |
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With the recent advancements in genetic research, namely the Human Genome Project, dentistry is expected to change dramatically in the future. These genetic advancements include the ability to grow teeth, engineer salivary gland tissue, and gene therapy to reduce periodontal disease. (AGD Impact, April 2001 issue)
The implications of DNA mapping for dentistry are profound. “The same technology used to map the human genome is being used to map the genomes of the major pathogens of human kind,” states Dr. Max Anderson. Specifically, this research would help erase caries and periodontal pathogens. Designer drug development within the next decade could prevent and/or treat these problems. The future of dentistry holds the possibility to customize patient treatment according to each patient’s genetic profile. Dr. Anderson predicts that future dentists may practice only cosmetic and trauma related problems. |
The invitatioL-R, FDI Researchers from the University of Texas–Houston Dental Branch and the Baylor College of Medicine already are locating PAX9, the master gene important for tooth development. Dr. Rene D’Sousa, associate professor in orthodontics at UT–Houston, states that “You can actually grow a mouse tooth in a culture dish.” Scientists remove tooth tissues from a mouse embryo, add components necessary for tooth development, or PAX9, and culture mouse dentition. Dr. D’Sousa adds, “The hope is that if we can advance fast enough with the human genetics that we will be able to bioengineer human teeth for replacement.”
Gene therapy is a new method of treatment whereby a patient’s genes are changed to introduce a normal functioning gene into a cell where the gene is defective. Radiation therapy patients whose salivary tissue has experienced damage from the treatment could have their glands restored by tissue engineering. Dentistry is in for a radical new future. |
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Doc Holliday, 150 Years Old Most of us were first introduced to “Doc” Holliday as he walked with the Earp brothers to the OK Corral early one morning in Tombstone, Arizona, to shoot it out with the Clanton gang. But only a small segment of the public realizes that “Doc” was a degreed dentist. Dr. Frank Heynick, a dental and medical historian, has authored a book entitled Doc Holliday, DDS on the occasion of this dentist’s 150th birthday. He contributes this article for our publication. |
 Dr. John Holliday (printed with permission from the Western History Collection, University of Oklahoma Library) |
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Being a dentist in the Old West was certainly not without risks. Nowadays, a clinical error might expose the doctor to a malpractice suite, but on the old frontier, satisfaction for the aggrieved patient could come more swiftly. The story is told of a dentist who supposedly pulled the wrong tooth of the notorious outlaw Clay Allison. The patient lost no time in turning the tables and extracting several of the hapless dentist’s own teeth. Still, life in the gambling halls of the frontier boomtowns was generally riskier than in the dental office. Witness the career of John Henry “Doc” Holliday, a man very much at home in both environments, and whose 150th birthday we celebrate this year.
Born near Griffin, Georgia, in 1851, John was a teenager during the Civil War and the early Reconstruction Era. Though his family was impoverished by the war, they sent him to study at the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery in 1869, which awarded him the DDS degree two years later at the age of 20. While not very stringent by today’s standards, the PCDS curriculum was a progressive one in an age when most dental practitioners had no formal academic study. Most were trained by older colleagues under the preceptor system. Having graduated near the top of his class, young Doctor Holliday had every reason to look forward to a promising dental career in Atlanta. But John was diagnosed with tuberculosis, in a rather advanced state. He was advised to seek drier climes out West in hopes of extending his life. The dental situation on the frontier was all the less formal. Treatment usually began and ended with extraction, sometimes carried out by minimally qualified physicians and often by a blacksmith or other persons adept in the use of tongs. John Henry Holliday, DDS, was therefore potentially quite a valuable asset. Indeed, at his first practice in Dallas he shared top prize in several categories of dental craftsmanship at the annual North Texas Fair. But John’s persistent coughing made patients shy away from him. And his fatalism about his disease together with a certain love of risk and liquor led him to spend more and more nights in the gambling halls. Dr. Holliday’s first saloon shoot-out took place on New Year’s Day in 1875. Despite the exchange of several rounds, nobody was hit—John was not a very good shot. But Dallas became “too hot” for “Doc” (the nickname which went with his reputation as the gun fighting dentist.) Thus, he set out on an odyssey through Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas, and Nevada. Sometimes he would hang out his dental shingle, but would always spend his nights in the gambling halls, where disagreements were sometimes resolved in a less-than-gentlemanly fashion. This would result in Doc’s quick departure for some other town. Wyatt Earp, with whom Doc had become friends in Texas, was in the boomtown of Tombstone, Arizona, with his brothers Virgil, Morgan, and James. He wrote to Doc in 1880 telling him that the money flowed freely in the gambling halls and that he furthermore “could do well as there [is] no dentist.” The idealized version of the Tombstone saga tells of a conflict between good guys and bad guys. But in reality, the situation was more ambiguous. There were political tensions between Republicans and Democrats, partly still reflecting the geographic (Northern and Southern) origins of the settlers. There were also social tensions between the small ranchers with their cowboys and the big mining and cattle interests. Dealing in cheap cattle rustled from Mexico did not weigh too heavily on the consciences of the cowboys. And their friends in town were likely to take a lenient view of the cowboys letting off steam as long as they paid good coin for their pleasures. However, those classes of society made wealthy by the flow of silver from the mines were particularly concerned about investment and real estate development. They were less inclined toward toleration. |
In matters of law enforcement, there were plenty of political and jurisdictional conflicts between the town sheriff, the county sheriff, and the U.S. marshal. The Earp Brothers wore various badges at various times. They were also saloonkeepers, gamblers, and consorts of prostitutes. Such activities were legal, if not particularly reputable. (Historians are still divided as to whether the Earps may also have been involved in some shady dealings.) But seeking respectability, the Earps aligned themselves with the interests of the business community. Personal enmity arose between Wyatt and the Democratic sheriff Johnny Behan. Doc Holliday, who on at least one occasion had saved Wyatt in a potentially deadly situation, was a de facto brother of the Earp clan. Furthermore, Doc and a well-known cowboy, Ike Clanton, developed a personal antagonism.
Tensions came to a head on 26 October 1881 when five cowboys with a grudge against the Earps and Doc were milling around the alleyway near the OK Corral. These cowboys were armed in violation of municipal ordinance (unless they were in the process of leaving town). Ignoring Sheriff Behan’s protests, U.S. Marshal Virgil Earp, with Wyatt, Morgan, and Doc deputized, moved to disarm and arrest the cowboys. Within a minute of their arrival, three cowboys were dead—one of them dispatched by a blast from Doc’s shotgun, another struck by a slug from Doc’s .45 revolver (though this wound was probably not the fatal one). Doc, Virgil, and Morgan were hit, but their injuries were not life threatening. The Earp brothers and Doc were arraigned on homicide charges. The prosecution bore down heavily on Doc due to his reputation as a killer. In the end, the judge deemed their actions to have been lawful, though he censured the Earp party for lack of discretion. Having failed to obtain satisfaction in the courts, friends of the deceased cowboys resorted to ambush. Morgan was killed and Virgil was seriously wounded. This provoked Wyatt and Doc to take a posse on what has been called a “Vendetta Ride” across Arizona, dispatching several cowboys assumed to be the assailants. Although Wyatt still held a deputy U.S. Marshal Commission, murder warrants were sworn out against him and Doc. Earp’s posse was then pursued by Sheriff Behan’s posse. Doc went to Denver where, through legal maneuverings, he circumvented an extradition order and was acquitted of a subsequent charge of deadly assault in a local confrontation. His final destination was Colorado Springs, where he vainly hoped that the sulfur baths might provide relief from his terminal consumption. To help finance the treatment, he hung up his dentist’s shingle for the last time before expiring in 1887 at age 35. He was surprised he had lived so long. Plenty was written in Doc’s own lifetime about the gunfighter-dentist—much of it patently erroneous. With the rise of motion pictures in the 20th century, Doc was portrayed on the screen by Cesar Romero, Victor Mature, Kirk Douglas, Jason Robards, Stacy Keach, Val Kilmer, and Dennis Quaid. The films ranged from reasonably sincere to outright fables. To this day, there is much disagreement about how many men Doc in fact mortally wounded. Serious estimates range from just the one at the OK Corral to around 16. It is fair to say, in any case, that John Henry Holliday was a dentist who knew how to drill a man in more ways than one. He holds the distinction of being the only dentist in all history whose name has been familiar generation after generation, in America and far beyond. |
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(Dr. Frank Heynick has authored a book, Doc Holliday, DDS, which is available at www.doc-holliday.net, or by phoning 718/375-9101. Dr. Heynick has published articles appearing in the Bulletin of the History of Dentistry, in Cranio: The Journal of Craniomandibular Practice, and in Angle Orthodontist. His five-part series on the history of dentistry over the last millennium have been printed in the Journal of the New Jersey Dental Association, the Rhode Island Dental Journal, the Journal of the Colorado Dental Association, the Detroit Dental Bulletin, the Wyoming Dental Association Newsletter, and Focus on Ohio Dentistry. Dr. Heynick has been writing a regular dental history column for the Dutch magazines Tandarts-Praktijk, Standby, and Exkies.) |
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| Table of Contents- September/October 2001 |
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| Dentistry & Humane Genome |
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| Doc Holliday, 150 Years Old | ||||
| Meeting Schedule | ||||
| Tour- France continued | Foundation News | |||
| Tour- Belgium/Luxembourg | FDI Congress | |||
| European Union | Section News | |||
| CALENDAR |
Section News Continued | |||
| go to Page 1 — Page 2 — Page3 | ||||